The Theological Basis of Human Rights in Civilizational Contexts

Abstract

The concept of human rights, often perceived as a modern secular construct, has deep theological underpinnings across major civilizations. This article explores the theological basis of human rights, tracing their evolution within Abrahamic traditions (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and examining their resonance in Eastern philosophies and indigenous belief systems. By drawing parallels between divine commandments and moral philosophies across civilizations, the paper demonstrates that the foundational principles of human dignity, justice, and equality are not merely legal constructs but rooted in sacred texts and religious ethics. It also examines how theological doctrines shaped pre-modern civilizational codes and continue to influence modern human rights discourse, particularly in Islamic thought. The article concludes by reflecting on the need for intercivilizational dialogue to harmonize universal human rights norms with religious worldviews in pluralistic societies.