International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
type: channel
description: International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization (IBTC) is a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary academic journal dedicated to exploring the dynamic relationship between theology, philosophy, and global civilization. The journal seeks to provide a platform for in-depth scholarly analysis, fostering critical discussions on the theological implications of contemporary issues, historical developments, and their impact on global cultural, ethical, and social structures. IBTC publishes original research articles, theoretical papers, book reviews, and thought-provoking essays that explore the intersection of faith, reason, and civilization. The journal encourages diverse perspectives, aiming to bridge the gap between ancient traditions and modern intellectual debates. It serves as a comprehensive resource for scholars, researchers, and students of theology, philosophy, and the humanities.
publisher: INTERNATIONAL STUDY COUNSELOR
language: en
publication name: International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
issn: 2710-3145
copyright: All articles published in the International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization (IBTC) are distributed under the terms of an open-access license. Authors retain the copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. Readers are free to share, use, and reproduce content for non-commercial purposes, provided proper citation is given.
items: Workload, Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Well-Being in Large Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia
items: FAITH-BASED RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CRISES: PANDEMICS, WARS, AND CIVILIZATIONAL RENEWAL
items: THE SACRED AND THE SECULAR: NEGOTIATING PUBLIC THEOLOGY IN PLURALISTIC SOCIETIES
items: The Theology of Hospitality: Religious Responses to Migration and Refugees
items: THE ROLE OF FAITH-BASED MOVEMENTS IN SHAPING MODERNCIVILIZATIONAL DISCOURSE
items: Abrahamic Faiths and Civilizational Ethics: Shared Values in a Fragmented World
items: Constructing Global Ethics Through Theological Pluralism
items: Religious Peacebuilding in Conflict Zones: Theological Frameworks and Case Studies
items: Interfaith Dialogue as a Tool for Civilizational Harmony: Past Experiences and Future Possibilities
items: Monotheism and the Rise of Ethical Civilizations: A Cross-Religious Study
items: RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: CIVILIZATIONAL TENSIONS AND THEOLOGICAL RESOLUTIONS
items: Prophecy and Social Reform: Theological Paradigms of Civilizational Change
items: CLIMATE CRISIS AND THEOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY: TOWARDS A GREEN THEOLOGY
items: THE CONCEPT OF DIVINE LAW IN CIVILIZATIONALDEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
items: AUGUSTINE AND THE CITY OF GOD: REIMAGINING CIVILIZATION IN A POST-SECULAR AGE
items: CIVIL RELIGION IN AMERICA: THEOLOGICAL ROOTS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION
items: FAITH AND REASON: REASSESSING THE DIALOGUE BETWEENTHEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY IN MODERN SOCIETIES
items: LIBERATION THEOLOGY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA: A THEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
items: THE ROLE OF THEOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OFCIVILIZATIONS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
items: THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN THE FORMATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
items: RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION:CIVILIZATIONAL RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES
items: THE REFORMATION AND THE RISE OF THE MODERN WEST: A THEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
items: THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS INCIVILIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
items: THE RISE OF ATHEISM AND SECULARIZATION: A THEOLOGICALAND CIVILIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
items: POSTCOLONIAL ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF MUSLIM CIVILIZATION
items: RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPINGCIVILIZATIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE
items: MAQASID AL-SHARIAH AND SUSTAINABLE CIVILIZATION: A THEOLOGICAL-ETHICAL FRAMEWORK
items: IBN KHALDUN’S THEORY OF CIVILIZATION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT
items: THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE CONCEPT OF"PROGRESS" IN CIVILIZATIONAL NARRATIVES
items: THE CALIPHATE AS A CIVILIZATIONAL IDEAL: HISTORICAL REALITIES AND MODERN INTERPRETATIONS

Workload, Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Well-Being in Large Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia
type: item
description: The manufacturing sector in Malaysia plays a central role in driving economic growth, yet employees in large manufacturing firms face heavy workloads, strict production targets, and repetitive tasks that jeopardize their well-being. This conceptual paper explores the relationship between workload, perceived organizational support (POS), and employee well-being in large-scale manufacturing organizations. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, Organizational Support Theory (OST), and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the study positions workload as a critical job demand that depletes energy and heightens stress, while POS functions as a vital organizational resource that buffers negative outcomes and enhances resilience. Employee well-being is examined holistically, encompassing job satisfaction, psychological health, work-life balance, and overall quality of life. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the JD-R model to the Malaysian manufacturing context, highlighting POS as both a mediator and moderator in the workload–well-being nexus, and integrating COR to explain resource loss and gain cycles. Practically, the study underscores the need for human resource policies that balance workload management with supportive practices such as recognition programs, flexible scheduling, and employee assistance initiatives. Policymakers are urged to reinforce well-being-oriented regulations as part of sustainable development strategies. Ultimately, the proposed framework not only addresses a critical research gap in the Malaysian manufacturing sector but also offers insights for enhancing organizational resilience and aligning with national goals for inclusive and sustainable growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: workload
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived organizational support
  topic: keywords
subject: employee well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: manufacturing sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Demands–Resources model
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Support Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation of Resources theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Vijendran Govindaraju
creator: Ramakrishnan Nair Gunasaigran
creator: Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar
creator: Syed Muzaffar Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vijendran Govindaraju, Ramakrishnan Nair Gunasaigran, Saralah Devi Mariamdaran Chethiyar, Syed Muzaffar Hussain (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 79
ending page: 88
doi: 10.71465/ibtc151

FAITH-BASED RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CRISES: PANDEMICS, WARS, AND CIVILIZATIONAL RENEWAL
type: item
description: This article explores the role of faith-based frameworks in responding to modern global crises such as pandemics, wars, and existential threats to civilization. Drawing from Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and interfaith traditions, it analyzes how religious responses have historically offered psychological resilience, moral clarity, and social solidarity in times of disruption. The article investigates how contemporary religious institutions and spiritual leaders have mobilized moral discourse, humanitarian aid, and civilizational narratives to address the crises of COVID-19, armed conflicts, and ecological collapse. By examining case studies from Pakistan and other parts of the Global South, this work emphasizes the potential of faithbased ethics in fostering long-term civilizational renewal. It concludes with recommendations for integrating spiritual paradigms with policy-level crisis management frameworks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Faith-based responses
  topic: keywords
subject: Global crises
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational renewal
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious humanitarianism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Areeba Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 78

THE SACRED AND THE SECULAR: NEGOTIATING PUBLIC THEOLOGY IN PLURALISTIC SOCIETIES
type: item
description: This article explores how public theology engages with pluralistic democratic societies where religious and secular values frequently intersect. The study investigates the complexities of balancing theological influence with civic inclusivity in societies characterized by ethnic, ideological, and religious diversity. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, including case studies from Pakistan, India, and Western nations, this paper presents a comprehensive framework for understanding how the sacred and secular negotiate space in public discourse, policymaking, and national identity formation. Special attention is given to the role of interfaith dialogue, civil religion, and legal pluralism as mediating structures in democratic environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Public Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Secularism
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfaith Dialogue
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Yousuf Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 60
ending page: 67

The Theology of Hospitality: Religious Responses to Migration and Refugees
type: item
description: Migration, both forced and voluntary, presents a humanitarian crisis and a moral test for societies worldwide. This article explores the theological foundations of hospitality within the Abrahamic traditions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and analyzes how religious teachings inform practical responses to refugees and displaced populations. Drawing on sacred texts, historical precedents, and contemporary religious initiatives, the article reveals that hospitality is not merely a social virtue but a theological imperative. The study also examines the ambivalence in certain religious responses and the impact of religious discourse on policy and public perception. Using qualitative content analysis and visual data representation, this article highlights the significant yet underexplored role that theology plays in shaping inclusive or exclusive responses to migration crises.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hospitality Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Refugee Crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Abrahamic Religions
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Muneeb Ahsan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 75
ending page: 82
doi: 10.71465/ibtc130

THE ROLE OF FAITH-BASED MOVEMENTS IN SHAPING MODERNCIVILIZATIONAL DISCOURSE
type: item
description: The concept of martyrdom, deeply rooted in Islamic theology, has historically served as a spiritual and political catalyst shaping national identities and civilizational trajectories. In the context of Pakistan, martyrdom (shahadat) has transcended theological origins to become a symbol of national pride, military valor, and civil resistance. This paper explores the theological underpinnings of martyrdom, tracing its transformation through historical milestones and state discourse. It also examines how martyrdom narratives have influenced collective memory, policy formulation, and sociopolitical unity. Through interdisciplinary analysis and graphical interpretation of historical data, this study highlights the complex interplay between theology and nationalism in constructing civilizational myths.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Martyrdom
  topic: keywords
subject: Shahadat
  topic: keywords
subject: National Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Theological Narrative
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Chand Ahsan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 51
ending page: 59

Abrahamic Faiths and Civilizational Ethics: Shared Values in a Fragmented World
type: item
description: In an era marked by sociopolitical fragmentation and cultural polarization, the Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—offer a foundational framework of shared ethical values that can contribute meaningfully to civilizational harmony. This paper explores the common moral teachings found across these traditions and argues that their overlapping principles can be harnessed for fostering peace, justice, and mutual respect. Through a comparative theological analysis and historical insights, the study presents a compelling case for ethical convergence rooted in divine commandments, prophetic traditions, and communal responsibilities. The findings underscore that the Abrahamic legacy is not merely doctrinal but ethically transformative for global coexistence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abrahamic Traditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Convergence
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfaith Dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Harmony
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Maryam Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 74
doi: 10.71465/ibtc129

Constructing Global Ethics Through Theological Pluralism
type: item
description: This paper explores the formulation of a universal ethical framework through the lens of theological pluralism, acknowledging the diverse metaphysical narratives that shape moral reasoning across civilizations. It investigates how interreligious dialogue and comparative theology contribute to developing inclusive ethical principles capable of addressing global crises like climate change, economic inequality, and violent extremism. Drawing from major religious traditions, the study argues that theological pluralism does not dilute doctrinal truths but enhances mutual moral comprehension, which is essential for global coexistence. Through a qualitative and thematic analysis, this paper proposes a model for "global ethics" grounded in pluralistic theology, highlighting convergences in compassion, justice, stewardship, and human dignity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theological Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfaith Dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Convergence
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Zubair Akhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 60
ending page: 66
doi: 10.71465/ibtc128

Religious Peacebuilding in Conflict Zones: Theological Frameworks and Case Studies
type: item
description: Religious peacebuilding has emerged as a potent strategy in mitigating conflicts driven by ethnic, cultural, and theological divides. This article examines the theological foundations underpinning peacebuilding efforts, particularly within Islamic and interfaith paradigms. Using qualitative case study analysis from regions including Pakistan, Nigeria, and the Balkans, the research explores how religious leaders, texts, and institutions contribute to reconciliation and peace. The study identifies key theological doctrines such as sulh (reconciliation), adl (justice), and rahma (mercy) as central to Islamic peacebuilding, while highlighting challenges such as politicization of religion and doctrinal rigidity. Two graphs illustrate the correlation between interfaith engagement and reduction in conflict, and the role of religious actors in post-conflict reconciliation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious Peacebuilding
  topic: keywords
subject: Theological Frameworks
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict Resolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfaith Dialogue
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Saeed Imran
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 59
doi: 10.71465/ibtc127

Interfaith Dialogue as a Tool for Civilizational Harmony: Past Experiences and Future Possibilities
type: item
description: This article explores the pivotal role of interfaith dialogue in fostering civilizational harmony throughout history and in the contemporary global landscape. Drawing from Islamic, Christian, Jewish, and Eastern philosophical traditions, it examines case studies from medieval Andalusia, Mughal India, and Ottoman coexistence, while analyzing present-day interfaith efforts in Pakistan, the Middle East, and the West. The study outlines how interfaith dialogue contributes to peace-building, mutual respect, and the prevention of religious extremism. Furthermore, it evaluates contemporary challenges, such as politicization of religion and digital misinformation, and proposes future frameworks for sustainable interreligious engagement in an era of rising identity conflicts..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interfaith Dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Harmony
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Peacebuilding
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amina Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 49
doi: 10.71465/ibtc126

Monotheism and the Rise of Ethical Civilizations: A Cross-Religious Study
type: item
description: This article explores the correlation between monotheistic belief systems and the emergence of ethical civilizations across historical epochs. Drawing on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as primary monotheistic traditions, this cross-religious study examines how the conceptualization of one transcendent deity contributed to moral codification, justice systems, and collective ethical behavior in civilizations. Using historical, theological, and sociological frameworks, the study evaluates ethical governance, social contracts, and altruistic conduct derived from monotheistic thought. The analysis further explores how monotheistic ethics shaped notions of human dignity, accountability, and social justice, laying the groundwork for modern legal and ethical systems. Comparative insights from polytheistic and non-theistic traditions provide contrast, enhancing understanding of monotheism’s distinctive role in civilizational ethics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monotheism
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Civilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Religious Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Philosophy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Areeba Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 40
doi: 10.71465/ibtc125

RELIGION AND HUMAN RIGHTS: CIVILIZATIONAL TENSIONS AND THEOLOGICAL RESOLUTIONS
type: item
description: This paper explores the intricate relationship between religion and human rights, highlighting historical civilizational tensions and presenting potential theological resolutions. While religious traditions have often been accused of undermining universal human rights, many theological frameworks also provide the foundation for human dignity, justice, and compassion. This study examines key areas of conflict and convergence through comparative analysis, historical case studies, and theological reinterpretations. The paper advocates for interfaith dialogue and contextual reinterpretation of sacred texts to build inclusive human rights frameworks that respect religious diversity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Theological Interpretation
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Conflict
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sana Shahbaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 43
ending page: 51

Prophecy and Social Reform: Theological Paradigms of Civilizational Change
type: item
description: This article explores the theological dimensions of prophecy as catalysts for civilizational transformation. By comparing major prophetic traditions—particularly within Islamic, Judaic, and Christian frameworks—the study uncovers how prophetic figures have historically initiated moral, social, and political reforms. Drawing from scriptural exegesis and civilizational theory, it investigates the dynamic between divine mandate and societal response. The research situates prophecy not merely within religious doctrine but as a transformative mechanism with implications for governance, law, and ethics. Using both historical evidence and modern sociological data, the study establishes a nuanced understanding of how prophetic teachings underpin shifts in civilizational values and institutional reforms..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prophetic Movements
  topic: keywords
subject: Theological Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Sociology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Saad Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.71465/ibtc124

CLIMATE CRISIS AND THEOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY: TOWARDS A GREEN THEOLOGY
type: item
description: The growing ecological degradation and climate crisis have prompted scholars to reevaluate the role of theology in addressing environmental issues. This paper investigates the theological imperatives of ecological stewardship across Islamic and interfaith perspectives in Pakistan. By integrating green theology within ethical frameworks, the study emphasizes the theological responsibility of protecting creation as a sacred duty. Through historical scriptural analysis, community engagement data, and interdisciplinary insights, this research advances the concept of "Green Theology" as a moral, ecological, and spiritual response to environmental collapse. The article also presents empirical data on public theological attitudes toward climate action in Pakistan and proposes policy recommendations for faith-based environmental advocacy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Environmentalism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Faisal Zubair
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 42

THE CONCEPT OF DIVINE LAW IN CIVILIZATIONALDEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
type: item
description: The notion of divine law (lex divina) has played a pivotal role in shaping civilizations across history. From theocratic governance in ancient Mesopotamia to Sharia-driven legal systems in Islamic civilization, and the canon law of Christendom, divine law has acted as both a moral compass and a structural framework for governance. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of divine legal traditions and their impact on civilizational progress, socio-political structures, and legal systems. By focusing on key civilizations including Islamic, Western (Christian), and Indic traditions, the study explores how divine law contributed to the evolution of legal and moral norms. The analysis highlights both convergences and divergences, revealing the dynamic interplay between theology and socio-political order.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Divine Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: Theocratic Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Adeel Mansoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 24
doi: 10.71465/ibtc123

AUGUSTINE AND THE CITY OF GOD: REIMAGINING CIVILIZATION IN A POST-SECULAR AGE
type: item
description: Augustine’s City of God stands as a monumental theological and philosophical response to the collapse of Rome and continues to provide a rich framework for understanding the intersection of divine authority, civil order, and historical destiny. In an era marked by post-secular tensions—where religion resurfaces in global politics and ethics—this paper re-evaluates Augustine’s dualistic vision of the civitas Dei (City of God) and the civitas terrena (Earthly City). The study explores how Augustine’s model informs contemporary discourse on sovereignty, public virtue, and moral order. Through historical analysis and thematic exploration, the article aims to bridge classical Christian thought with 21st-century societal challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Augustinian Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-Secularism
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Church-State Relations
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Imran Qureshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 30
ending page: 34

CIVIL RELIGION IN AMERICA: THEOLOGICAL ROOTS AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION
type: item
description: Civil religion in America has served as a unifying ideological force that intertwines theological elements with national identity. Rooted in Puritan theology, Enlightenment ideals, and the political theology of the Founding Fathers, American civil religion has evolved to accommodate historical shifts and sociopolitical challenges. This paper explores the theological foundations of civil religion, its transformation through major historical phases, and the enduring role of symbols, rituals, and cultural narratives in shaping collective national identity. By integrating theological, sociological, and political perspectives, the study reveals how civil religion has functioned as a mechanism of national cohesion, moral guidance, and, at times, social exclusion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Civil Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Theological Foundations
  topic: keywords
subject: National Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Symbols
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Imran Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 29

FAITH AND REASON: REASSESSING THE DIALOGUE BETWEENTHEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY IN MODERN SOCIETIES
type: item
description: The dynamic interplay between faith and reason has historically shaped intellectual discourse across civilizations. In modern societies, marked by rapid scientific advancement and religious pluralism, the relationship between theology and philosophy necessitates a renewed investigation. This article critically examines how contemporary theological thought continues to interact with philosophical reasoning in resolving ethical dilemmas, sociopolitical tensions, and metaphysical queries. Drawing on Islamic and Western traditions, it assesses the evolution of this dialogue, highlights challenges posed by secularism and scientism, and proposes pathways for integrative thought. The study employs comparative and analytical methodologies supported by recent academic contributions to reflect on the relevance and renewal of this dialogue in educational, political, and spiritual spheres..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Faith
  topic: keywords
subject: Reason
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Philosophical Inquiry
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nida Farooq
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 8
ending page: 15
doi: 10.71465/ibtc122

LIBERATION THEOLOGY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA: A THEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
type: item
description: This paper explores the rise and evolution of Liberation Theology in Latin America and its deep-rooted connection with social justice movements. Emerging in the 1960s amid widespread poverty and oppression, Liberation Theology reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the lens of Marxist critique and grassroots activism. This theological paradigm has since shaped numerous socio-political movements advocating for human dignity, equity, and systemic reform. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the paper evaluates theological foundations, regional impacts, and critiques from both ecclesiastical and secular perspectives. The study also reflects on the relevance of Liberation Theology for contemporary struggles for justice across the Global South.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Liberation Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Latin America
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecclesial Base Communities
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Fahad Mehmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 15
ending page: 23

THE ROLE OF THEOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OFCIVILIZATIONS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
type: item
description: Theology has played a pivotal role in shaping the cultural, political, and social structures of civilizations across history. From ancient Mesopotamia to modern nation-states, theological principles have influenced legal codes, governance systems, moral frameworks, and educational paradigms. This paper explores how theology acted as a civilizational cornerstone, analyzing its contributions across various historical epochs and religions including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Through a comparative and historical approach, the study illustrates how theological worldviews not only inspired monumental architecture and literature but also created shared identities that sustained civilizations. The findings highlight that understanding theological influence is essential for interpreting civilizational development, especially in societies where religion remains central to collective life..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Formation
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Imran Qureshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.71465/ibtc121

THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS IN THE FORMATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
type: item
description: This paper explores the foundational role Christian ethics have played in shaping modern democratic institutions. Drawing upon historical, theological, and political sources, the study highlights how values such as human dignity, justice, equality, and the rule of law—central to Christian ethical teachings—have directly informed democratic thought and governance structures. The research contextualizes these ethical influences within European political evolution and traces their diffusion into global democratic systems. Using qualitative historical analysis and comparative frameworks, this article underscores how moral principles from Christian traditions continue to underpin key democratic institutions today.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Christian Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Western Political Thought
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sarah Qamar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 8
ending page: 14
doi: 10.71465/ibtc142

RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION:CIVILIZATIONAL RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES
type: item
description: In an era marked by rapid globalization, religious thought faces profound transformations as it interacts with economic, political, cultural, and technological currents on a global scale. This article explores how major world religions reinterpret, resist, or integrate globalizing forces, and the way religious ideologies contribute to civilizational responses to global challenges such as moral relativism, secularism, climate change, economic inequality, and cultural homogenization. Drawing on Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist responses, the study provides a comparative perspective on how religious worldviews construct ethical frameworks and community resilience mechanisms in an interconnected world. The paper emphasizes the significance of interfaith dialogue and religious ethics in shaping a just and sustainable global civilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Thought
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Interfaith Ethics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ahsan Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 108
ending page: 112

THE REFORMATION AND THE RISE OF THE MODERN WEST: A THEOLOGICAL EVALUATION
type: item
description: This paper explores the profound influence of the Protestant Reformation on the emergence of the modern Western world. From a theological and historical perspective, it evaluates the core doctrinal shifts introduced by Martin Luther and subsequent reformers and links them to developments in secular governance, capitalism, individualism, and modern scientific inquiry. It argues that the Reformation restructured not only the religious but also the socio-political fabric of Europe, paving the way for modernity. The article also examines the Reformation's enduring theological legacy and its implications for understanding the modern Western identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern West
  topic: keywords
subject: Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Secularization
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sarah Kamal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENTS INCIVILIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
type: item
description: Religious reformation movements have historically played a pivotal role in shaping civilizations by redefining moral, social, political, and philosophical frameworks. This article examines how key reformation movements, such as the Protestant Reformation in Europe, Islamic revivalist movements, and Bhakti movements in South Asia, led to civilizational transformations across different regions. These movements not only restructured religious authority but also stimulated intellectual awakenings, legal reforms, and political revolutions. Through a comparative and interdisciplinary approach, this study traces the links between religious reforms and civilizational change, arguing that while reformations often began within religious parameters, their ripple effects extended far beyond, influencing science, governance, education, and human rights discourses. The article concludes that reformation movements, despite diverse theological bases, share a common feature: catalyzing paradigm shifts that have lasting socio-civilizational consequences.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious Reformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Revivalist Movements
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-political Transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Muhammad Taqi Usmani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 103
ending page: 107

THE RISE OF ATHEISM AND SECULARIZATION: A THEOLOGICALAND CIVILIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
type: item
description: The global surge in atheism and secularization has profound implications for theological discourses and the civilizational values embedded in religious traditions. This paper analyzes the historical development, philosophical underpinnings, and contemporary expressions of atheism and secular thought, while examining their impacts on societies that have traditionally been rooted in religious worldviews. Drawing from theological perspectives, the paper explores how secular ideologies challenge metaphysical narratives and reshape sociopolitical and moral frameworks. Furthermore, the study assesses the responses from religious institutions and thinkers to the growing influence of secularism, especially in post-industrial and post-colonial contexts. By combining theological analysis with sociocultural insights, the article presents a multidimensional exploration of the ongoing transformation in belief systems and cultural paradigms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Atheism
  topic: keywords
subject: Secularization
  topic: keywords
subject: Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Shift
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Muhammad Bilal Zafar
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 97
ending page: 102

POSTCOLONIAL ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF MUSLIM CIVILIZATION
type: item
description: The postcolonial condition of the Muslim world has necessitated a rethinking of Islamic theology in light of historical, socio-political, and epistemological transformations. This paper explores the intellectual and spiritual dimensions of postcolonial Islamic theology and its role in reconstructing Muslim civilization. It critically engages with the legacies of colonialism, the fragmentation of the ummah, and the need for a renewed theology rooted in indigenous experiences and global engagement. Using interdisciplinary frameworks and theological discourse analysis, the paper underscores the importance of integrating classical thought with contemporary challenges to revive a cohesive Muslim civilizational identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Postcolonial Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Civilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Thought
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Reconstruction
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayesha Nadeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 153
ending page: 158
doi: 10.71465/ibtc140

RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPINGCIVILIZATIONAL ART AND ARCHITECTURE
type: item
description: Religious symbolism has played a profound role in the artistic and architectural expressions of civilizations throughout history. This paper explores how various religious motifs, structures, and sacred geometries have influenced monumental architecture and artistic traditions across diverse cultures. Focusing on Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian civilizations, the study examines temples, mosques, cathedrals, and religious art as reflections of theological ideas and metaphysical beliefs. By integrating historical analysis and comparative visual interpretation, this research highlights the interplay between sacred ideology and material culture. The findings suggest that religious symbolism has not only guided aesthetic choices but also served as a unifying framework for collective identity, memory, and cultural continuity in civilizations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious Symbolism
  topic: keywords
subject: Sacred Architecture
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Art
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Huma Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 90
ending page: 96

MAQASID AL-SHARIAH AND SUSTAINABLE CIVILIZATION: A THEOLOGICAL-ETHICAL FRAMEWORK
type: item
description: This study explores the integration of Maqasid alShariah (Objectives of Islamic Law) with the principles of sustainable development, proposing a comprehensive theological-ethical framework to guide civilizations toward long-term ecological and societal well-being. By aligning the five cardinal objectives of Shariah with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper demonstrates how Islamic ethical principles can inform policies in governance, environment, social justice, and economics. The analysis includes a graphical representation of this alignment and a critical theological discussion on how divine guidance fosters a sustainable and morally anchored civilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Maqasid alShariah
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Civilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: SDG Alignment
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayesha Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 145
ending page: 152
doi: 10.71465/ibtc139

IBN KHALDUN’S THEORY OF CIVILIZATION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT
type: item
description: Ibn Khaldun’s theory of civilization, particularly outlined in his seminal work Muqaddimah, presents a multidimensional understanding of historical development, social cohesion (ʿasabiyyah), governance, and moral decline. This study explores the core concepts of Ibn Khaldun’s thought and evaluates their relevance within contemporary Islamic intellectual discourse. With rising debates over governance, economic justice, and the collapse of communal solidarity in modern Muslim societies, this paper argues that Ibn Khaldun’s cyclical model of civilizational rise and fall offers profound insights for today’s scholars and policymakers. The article utilizes comparative analysis, modern interpretations, and Islamic theoretical frameworks to present a recontextualized view of his work.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Asabiyyah
  topic: keywords
subject: Muqaddimah
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Civilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amna Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 137
ending page: 144
doi: 10.71465/ibtc138

THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE CONCEPT OF"PROGRESS" IN CIVILIZATIONAL NARRATIVES
type: item
description: The concept of "progress" has long been central to civilizational narratives, often shaped by theological doctrines and religious philosophies. This paper explores how different theological traditions—Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist—conceive of progress, not merely in terms of material or technological advancement, but as a moral, spiritual, and eschatological journey. By critically analyzing sacred texts and historical interpretations, the study highlights the dialectical relationship between faith-based worldviews and evolving civilizational values. The paper concludes that religious conceptions of progress serve as both a critique and a guide to modernity, offering a multidimensional understanding that includes ethical, spiritual, and societal growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theology
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilizational Progress
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Narratives
  topic: keywords
subject: Moral Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mariam Zahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Bulletin of Theology and Civilization
date: 2023-12-31
publication date: 2023-12-31
starting page: 84
ending page: 89

THE CALIPHATE AS A CIVILIZATIONAL IDEAL: HISTORICAL REALITIES AND MODERN INTERPRETATIONS
type: item
description: The institution of the Caliphate remains a contested yet potent symbol of Islamic civilization, governance, and spiritual unity. This article explores the historical trajectory of the Caliphate from the Rashidun era to modern political interpretations, examining its civilizational impact and its role in shaping Islamic identity. Through a multidimensional approach, we assess the Caliphate’s contributions in the realms of law, governance, education, and culture. The study further investigates the ideological resurgence of the Caliphate ideal in contemporary Muslim political discourse, particularly in post-colonial contexts. Drawing on both classical Islamic sources and modern scholarship, we provide a critical analysis of the Caliphate as a civilizational ideal in contrast to modern nation-state structures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Caliphate
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Civilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Islam
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Legitimacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Adeel Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 129
ending page: 136
doi: 10.71465/ibtc137