THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN THE POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF CIVILIZATIONS

Abstract

Religious leaders have historically played a pivotal role in shaping political landscapes, guiding moral conduct, and legitimizing governance structures across civilizations. From ancient empires to modern states, these figures have served as intermediaries between the divine and the earthly, influencing laws, policies, and leadership succession. This article explores the multifaceted role of religious leaders in the political evolution of civilizations, analyzing key historical examples from Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions. It highlights how religious authority has been used both to support political power and to resist tyranny. Furthermore, the study delves into the contemporary implications of religious leadership in modern nation-states, especially within South Asia and the Middle East. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the article underscores the enduring intersection of faith and politics.