THE INFLUENCE OF HINDUISM ON SOUTH ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS: A THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This paper explores the profound influence of Hinduism on the shaping of South Asian civilizations from a theological lens. As one of the oldest religions in the world, Hinduism's metaphysical, ethical, and ritualistic doctrines have significantly molded the region’s socio-political structures, artistic expressions, literary traditions, and moral worldviews. Through historical-theological analysis, this study investigates how core Hindu beliefs—such as dharma, karma, moksha, and the cyclical nature of time—have permeated cultural practices, legal systems, educational institutions, and interfaith dynamics across India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The article also reflects on the theological integration and contestation that occurred due to Buddhist, Jain, Islamic, and later Christian interactions in the region. Ultimately, the paper affirms the indispensable role of Hindu theology in constructing South Asia’s civilizational fabric.