Christianity and the Formation of Western Civilizational Ethics: A Historical and Philosophical Analysis

Abstract

This paper explores the profound impact of Christianity on the ethical foundations of Western civilization, tracing its evolution from early Christian teachings to its institutionalization in European legal, moral, and social frameworks. The analysis delves into key theological concepts—such as human dignity, charity, justice, and the sanctity of life—and their influence on Western ethical systems. Drawing from historical developments, philosophical interpretations, and sociopolitical contexts, the study shows how Christian ethics helped shape Western concepts of human rights, governance, education, and moral responsibility. The paper also examines the intersection between Christian moral philosophy and Enlightenment rationalism, highlighting both synergy and divergence. By situating Christianity within a broader historical and civilizational framework, the research provides a nuanced understanding of its role in shaping contemporary Western ethical thought.