THEODICY AND CIVILIZATIONAL SUFFERING: A THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF HISTORICAL CATASTROPHES

Abstract

This article explores the concept of theodicy in relation to the suffering experienced by civilizations throughout history, seeking to interpret historical catastrophes through a theological lens. Theodicy, often defined as the attempt to reconcile the existence of a benevolent and omnipotent deity with the prevalence of evil and suffering in the world, provides a framework for understanding the immense social, cultural, and political upheavals that have shaped human history. By examining key historical events such as wars, plagues, natural disasters, and genocides, this study delves into how various religious traditions have sought to interpret these crises and the role of divine providence in their resolution. The article critically assesses theological responses to civilizational suffering, considering the implications for contemporary global crises, and proposes a nuanced approach to reconciling divine justice and human suffering. Through this analysis, the paper aims to contribute to ongoing debates on the role of religion in addressing societal trauma and its potential to offer hope and resilience in the face of existential challenges.