RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND CIVILIZATIONAL HARMONY: A THEOLOGICAL APPRAISAL

Abstract

Religious pluralism, as both a lived reality and a philosophical-theological stance, plays a crucial role in shaping harmonious civilizational coexistence. This paper provides a theological appraisal of religious pluralism, tracing its conceptual development in major world religions and assessing its potential for fostering civilizational harmony. By analyzing Islamic theological responses alongside perspectives from Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism, the study explores shared spiritual ethics, mutual recognition, and interfaith dialogues as frameworks for peaceful coexistence. The paper argues that authentic theological engagements—rooted in mutual respect and humility—can contribute to resolving interreligious tensions and promote global peace. It concludes that theological pluralism, when grounded in ethical universalism, is essential for sustaining civilizational harmony in a fragmented world.