THE SACRED AND THE SECULAR: NEGOTIATING PUBLIC THEOLOGY IN PLURALISTIC SOCIETIES

Abstract

This article explores how public theology engages with pluralistic democratic societies where religious and secular values frequently intersect. The study investigates the complexities of balancing theological influence with civic inclusivity in societies characterized by ethnic, ideological, and religious diversity. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data, including case studies from Pakistan, India, and Western nations, this paper presents a comprehensive framework for understanding how the sacred and secular negotiate space in public discourse, policymaking, and national identity formation. Special attention is given to the role of interfaith dialogue, civil religion, and legal pluralism as mediating structures in democratic environments.