THE ROLE OF THEOLOGY IN THE FORMATION OFCIVILIZATIONS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Theology has played a pivotal role in shaping the
cultural, political, and social structures of civilizations across
history. From ancient Mesopotamia to modern nation-states,
theological principles have influenced legal codes,
governance systems, moral frameworks, and educational
paradigms. This paper explores how theology acted as a
civilizational cornerstone, analyzing its contributions across
various historical epochs and religions including Islam,
Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Through a
comparative and historical approach, the study illustrates
how theological worldviews not only inspired monumental
architecture and literature but also created shared identities
that sustained civilizations. The findings highlight that
understanding theological influence is essential for
interpreting civilizational development, especially in societies
where religion remains central to collective life..