THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN CONFLICT AND RECONCILIATION: A CIVILIZATIONAL INQUIRY

Abstract

Religion has historically served both as a catalyst for conflict and a cornerstone for reconciliation across civilizations. This article examines the dual role of religion by exploring its involvement in instigating and resolving socio-political and ethnic conflicts. Drawing on historical and contemporary case studies, the study analyzes how religious ideologies, institutions, and leaders have contributed to either the perpetuation or mitigation of violence. Furthermore, it explores the role of interfaith dialogue, forgiveness rituals, and shared spiritual values in post-conflict societies. The civilizational lens enables a broader understanding of how religious systems intersect with culture, identity, and governance, highlighting the need for a nuanced approach in policy and peacebuilding efforts.