RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND CIVILIZATIONAL COHESION: A THEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Abstract

Religious tolerance serves as a foundational pillar for the development and sustainability of cohesive civilizations. This scholarly article explores the theological principles across major world religions that advocate for coexistence, compassion, and respect for diversity. It analyzes historical periods where religious tolerance contributed to civilizational flourishing and investigates contemporary challenges arising from dogmatism and exclusivism. The study draws from Islamic, Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist theological discourses to highlight common ethical frameworks promoting interfaith harmony. By examining key scriptural references and historical examples, this research emphasizes the need to reinterpret religious texts within pluralistic societies to foster civilizational resilience. The paper concludes by proposing a model for interfaith theological engagement grounded in mutual respect and shared moral commitments.