THE IMPACT OF THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT ON LEGAL SYSTEMS ACROSS CIVILIZATIONS

Abstract

The interplay between theology and law has profoundly shaped legal traditions throughout human history. Theological thought—rooted in the belief systems of ancient civilizations and organized religions—has influenced the creation, interpretation, and evolution of legal codes and ethical norms. This article examines how theological principles have contributed to the formation of both religious and secular legal systems across major civilizations, including Islamic, Judeo-Christian, Hindu, and Confucian traditions. Through a comparative analysis, it explores the embedded moral and metaphysical assumptions that underpin these legal frameworks. Furthermore, the paper discusses the enduring impact of theology on modern legal discourses, including human rights, criminal justice, and social equity. The study concludes that theology, while often contested in modern secular societies, continues to serve as a foundational pillar in shaping the legal and ethical contours of global civilization.